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Platinum Symbol Hallmarks and Maker's Marks Video

Abbreviation marks for other PGMs include: "Plat. Hallmarks and maker's marks help identify the origin of antique and period platinum rings.

Hallmarks, also known as quality or purity marks, guarantee the purity or quality of a precious metal. They are expressed with numbers, symbols, letters or a combination thereof stamped, impressed or struck on platinum to indicate its fineness, according to Modern Silver Magazine.

English and French jewelry makers have used hallmarks since the 14th century, but American makers have never used them on platinum per se.

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It is a dense , malleable , ductile , highly unreactive, precious , silverish-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platino , meaning "little silver".

Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes.

Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity.

Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion , even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal.

Consequently, platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum. Because it occurs naturally in the alluvial sands of various rivers, it was first used by pre-Columbian South American natives to produce artifacts.

It was referenced in European writings as early as 16th century, but it was not until Antonio de Ulloa published a report on a new metal of Colombian origin in that it began to be investigated by scientists.

Platinum is used in catalytic converters , laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes , platinum resistance thermometers , dentistry equipment, and jewelry.

Being a heavy metal , it leads to health problems upon exposure to its salts ; but due to its corrosion resistance, metallic platinum has not been linked to adverse health effects.

Pure platinum is a lustrous, ductile , and malleable , silver-white metal. Platinum is insoluble in hydrochloric and nitric acid , but dissolves in hot aqua regia A mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids , to form chloroplatinic acid , H 2 PtCl 6.

Its physical characteristics and chemical stability make it useful for industrial applications. As is expected, tetracoordinate platinum II compounds tend to adopt electron square planar geometries.

Although elemental platinum is generally unreactive, it dissolves in hot aqua regia to give aqueous chloroplatinic acid H 2 PtCl 6 : [16].

As a soft acid , platinum has a great affinity for sulfur, such as on dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO ; numerous DMSO complexes have been reported and care should be taken in the choice of reaction solvent.

In , Gerhard Ertl won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the detailed molecular mechanisms of the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum catalytic converter.

The most abundant of these is Pt, comprising Of the naturally occurring isotopes, only Pt is unstable, though it decays with a half-life of 6.

Platinum also has 34 synthetic isotopes ranging in atomic mass from to , making the total number of known isotopes Most platinum isotopes decay by some combination of beta decay and alpha decay.

Platinum is an extremely rare metal, [20] occurring at a concentration of only 0. Platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum and as alloy with the other platinum-group metals and iron mostly.

Most often the native platinum is found in secondary deposits in alluvial deposits. Another large alluvial deposit is in the Ural Mountains , Russia, and it is still mined.

In nickel and copper deposits, platinum-group metals occur as sulfides e. Pt,Pd S , tellurides e. PtBiTe , antimonides PdSb , and arsenides e.

PtAs 2 , and as end alloys with nickel or copper. Platinum arsenide, sperrylite PtAs 2 , is a major source of platinum associated with nickel ores in the Sudbury Basin deposit in Ontario , Canada.

The mine ceased operations in In , chromites were identified in the Bushveld region of South Africa, followed by the discovery of platinum in In the Sudbury Basin, the huge quantities of nickel ore processed make up for the fact platinum is present as only 0.

Smaller reserves can be found in the United States, [27] for example in the Absaroka Range in Montana. Large platinum deposits are present in the state of Tamil Nadu , India.

Platinum exists in higher abundances on the Moon and in meteorites. Correspondingly, platinum is found in slightly higher abundances at sites of bolide impact on Earth that are associated with resulting post-impact volcanism, and can be mined economically; the Sudbury Basin is one such example.

Hexachloroplatinic acid mentioned above is probably the most important platinum compound, as it serves as the precursor for many other platinum compounds.

By itself, it has various applications in photography, zinc etchings, indelible ink , plating, mirrors, porcelain coloring, and as a catalyst.

Treatment of hexachloroplatinic acid with an ammonium salt, such as ammonium chloride , gives ammonium hexachloroplatinate , [16] which is relatively insoluble in ammonium solutions.

Heating this ammonium salt in the presence of hydrogen reduces it to elemental platinum. Potassium hexachloroplatinate is similarly insoluble, and hexachloroplatinic acid has been used in the determination of potassium ions by gravimetry.

When hexachloroplatinic acid is heated, it decomposes through platinum IV chloride and platinum II chloride to elemental platinum, although the reactions do not occur stepwise: [34].

All three reactions are reversible. Platinum II and platinum IV bromides are known as well. Platinum hexafluoride is a strong oxidizer capable of oxidizing oxygen.

Platinum IV oxide , PtO 2 , also known as ' Adams' catalyst ', is a black powder that is soluble in potassium hydroxide KOH solutions and concentrated acids.

Unlike palladium acetate , platinum II acetate is not commercially available. Where a base is desired, the halides have been used in conjunction with sodium acetate.

Zeise's salt , containing an ethylene ligand, was one of the first organometallic compounds discovered. Dichloro cycloocta-1,5-diene platinum II is a commercially available olefin complex, which contains easily displaceable cod ligands "cod" being an abbreviation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene.

The cod complex and the halides are convenient starting points to platinum chemistry. Cisplatin , or cis -diamminedichloroplatinum II is the first of a series of square planar platinum II -containing chemotherapy drugs.

If the jewelry is stamped with the number or the letter S, it is made of sterling silver. If you can't read the markings on your jewelry, or there aren't any, read the article for tips on testing jewelry with an acid testing kit, a silver testing solution, or hydrogen peroxide.

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Learn why people trust wikiHow. Explore this Article methods. Tips and Warnings. Related Articles. Article Summary. Method 1 of Locate any identifying marks on your jewelry.

These markings will be etched into the metal. If the jewelry has a clasp then the marks are probably on the back of the clasp. The jewelry might also have a small metal tag etched with marks hanging from the end.

Lastly, search the largest parts of the jewelry. If your jewelry doesn't have any markings at all it's probably not a precious metal.

Look for marks indicating silver jewelry. Sterling silver is Pure silver jewelry is rare as pure silver is soft and easily damaged.

Find any marks indicating platinum jewelry. Platinum is a very rare and expensive metal. Therefore, all platinum jewelry will be marked to show authenticity.

Run a magnet over the jewelry. Most pure precious metals aren't magnetic, so if you place a magnet near the jewelry, you shouldn't see any movement.

However, if your platinum jewelry is reacting to a magnet, don't panic. Pure platinum is a soft metal, so alloys are added to strengthen the finish.

Cobalt, which is quite hard, is becoming popular as a platinum alloy. Because cobalt is slightly magnetic, some platinum jewelry may react to a magnet.

If you have a piece of sterling silver jewelry with a. Method 2 of Download Checkout Added to cart. Proceed to Checkout Continue browsing.

Description of Platinum The symbol consists of a crescent moon shape, inverted to face left. Style Variations: bold - light - outlined - colorable.

General Alchemy description Alchemy, which gained significant popularity in Medieval Europe, is the precursor to modern-day chemistry, philosophy and scientific method.

Platinum Symbol. Quote Reply # Jun 01 at PM Rating: Decent __DEL__ 12 posts. any one have a clue who drops this one? Page top. Post Comment. Platinum Symbol. From Project Wiki. Jump to: navigation, search. Velious Era (added March) Platinum Symbol. MAGIC ITEM NO DROP WT: Size: TINY Class. Symbol: Pt; atomic no: 78; atomic wt: ; valency: 1–4; relative density: ; melting pt: °C; boiling pt: ±°C a medium to light grey colour (as adjective) a platinum carpet. This article provides a list of platinum stocks which have generated the highest returns in the year till date of writing. The list is prepared based on the percentage returns generated by the individual platinum stocks between the end of the previous and Dec 3, , and the top 10 return generating platinum stocks are listed below. Get the latest Platinum price (PL:NMX) as well as the latest futures prices and other commodity market news at Nasdaq.

Platin ist ein chemisches Element im Periodensystem der Elemente mit dem Symbol. Platin ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol Pt und der Ordnungszahl Es besitzt eine hohe Dichte und ist ein kostbares, schmiedbares, dehnbares, grau-weißes Übergangsmetall. Es besitzt eine bemerkenswerte Korrosionsbeständigkeit und. Platin (Deutschland: [ˈplaːtiːn], Österreich: [ plaˈtiːn]) ist ein chemisches Element mit dem Elementsymbol Pt und der Ordnungszahl Es besitzt eine. File:Platinum-symbol cruise-windstar.com ist eine vektorisierte Version dieses Bildes. Diese sollte an Stelle des Rasterbildes verwendet werden, sofern sie nicht schlechter ist.

Description of Platinum The symbol consists of a crescent moon shape, inverted to face left. This shape is connected to an equally-sized unfilled circle, itself containing a significantly smaller circle. Platinum was thought, amongst alchemists, to be the combination of silver and gold. Find information for Platinum Futures Quotes provided by CME Group. View Quotes. Markets Home Active trader. Hear from active traders about their experience adding CME Group futures and options on futures to their portfolio. Find a broker. Search our directory for a broker that fits your needs. 3/31/ · Platinum Symbol. From Project Wiki. Jump to: navigation, search. Velious Era (added March) Platinum Symbol. MAGIC ITEM NO DROP WT: Size: TINY Class: ALL Race: ALL. Drops From. Temple of Veeshan. Essedera; Sold by. This item cannot be purchased from merchants. Related quests. It is the least reactive metal. Platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum and as alloy with the other platinum-group metals and iron mostly. Zeise's saltcontaining an ethylene ligand, was one of the Memory Kostenlos Online Spielen organometallic compounds discovered. For a time, alchemists were persecuted across much of Europe. Centers for Disease Control and Glücksrad Sofortgewinn. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Grant Cawthorn Please help us continue to provide you with our trusted how-to guides and videos for free by whitelisting wikiHow on your ad blocker. Watchmakers appreciate the unique properties of platinum, as it neither Solar Queen nor wears out the latter quality relative to gold. The Muscovado Zucker Dm life of William Brownrigg. The DR probably refers to the maker of the jewelry. The most Tipp24 Com App use of platinum is as a catalyst in chemical reactions, often as platinum black. Find any marks indicating platinum jewelry.

Muscovado Zucker Dm Kundenakquisitionsplans Platinum Symbol. - Platinum Symbol Dateiversionen

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